" I drained the tank and tried to get most of the loose stuff out, "..
If you had "loose stuff" in there to begin with, you probably still do. Your new fuel filter is most likely clogged again.
To minimize the chance of stirring up the crud in the tank, when you put gas in it, DO IT S L O W L Y. Filling up with the hose on it's higest setting just blasts new crud off the bottom of the tank.
If the tank is in good shape otherwise, look at having a radiator shop clean it out, or pick up a refinishing / cleaning kit from a supplier.
I hope that you are just having vapor lock problems as it sounds. But look at getting the tank reconditioned and cleaned out in the future.
DVal